What is UK National Insurance and UK National Insurance Calculator?
National Insurance (NI) is a system of taxes and contributions used to fund key public services in the UK, including the State Pension, Maternity Allowance, and certain unemployment benefits. It is mandatory for workers and self-employed individuals aged 16 and over who earn above a specific threshold.
National Insurance Calculator
Use our free NI Calculator below to estimate your National Insurance contributions based on your income and employment type.
✅ Features:
- Supports 2025/26 tax year rates
- Calculates for both employed and self-employed individuals
- Includes Class 1, 2, and 4 contributions
- Instant results with breakdown by contribution type
👉 Try it NI Calculator
Note: This tool provides an estimate only. For exact contributions, consult your employer or HMRC.
💷 UK National Insurance Calculator
Calculate your estimated NI contributions based on your income and payment frequency.
Who Needs to Pay National Insurance?
You must pay National Insurance if you:
- Are aged 16 or over
- Are employed or self-employed
- Earn more than £12,570 per year (as of 2025)
You also accrue NI credits if you are unemployed or receiving benefits, which can help you qualify for certain benefits later.
Table of Contents
National Insurance Number (NINo)
How to Apply for a National Insurance Number
To work or claim benefits in the UK, you need a National Insurance number (NINo). This is a unique identifier used to track your NI contributions.
Steps to Apply:
- Online Application: Visit the official Apply for a National Insurance Number page.
- Identity Verification: You may need to provide documents such as your passport, visa, or biometric residence permit (BRP).
- Interview (if required): Some applicants are asked to attend an interview or submit further documentation.
Types of National Insurance Contributions (NICs)
Class 1
For employees earning over £12,570/year. Paid by both employer and employee.
Class 2
For self-employed individuals earning above £12,570.
Class 3
Voluntary contributions. Ideal for those who want to fill gaps in their NI record.
Class 4
Additional payment for self-employed individuals with profits above £50,270.
More info: National Insurance classes
How Much Do You Pay?
As of the 2025/26 tax year:
| Income Band | Employee Contribution | Employer Contribution |
|---|---|---|
| Up to £12,570 | 0% | 0% |
| £12,571 to £50,270 | 10% | 13.8% |
| Above £50,270 | 2% | 13.8% |
Self-Employed Contributions:
- Class 2: £3.45/week
- Class 4: 9% on profits between £12,570 and £50,270, 2% above that
Benefits of Paying National Insurance
Your contributions help you qualify for:
- State Pension
- Statutory Sick Pay
- Maternity Allowance
- Jobseeker’s Allowance
- Bereavement Support Payment
To receive the full State Pension, you typically need 35 qualifying years of contributions.
National Insurance for Foreign Nationals
If you’re moving to the UK to work, you must apply for a NINo as soon as possible. EU citizens, as well as individuals under UK visas like the Skilled Worker visa or Graduate visa, must contribute if they meet the earning threshold.
Internal Link: UK Skilled Worker Visa Guide
Check Your National Insurance Record
You can check your contributions record online:
- Go to the Check your NI record portal
- Sign in using your Government Gateway ID
- View gaps and years of contribution
This is essential for planning your retirement and benefit eligibility.
Gaps in National Insurance Record
You may have gaps in your NI record if you:
- Took time off work
- Lived abroad
- Were earning below the threshold
How to Fix Gaps:
- Pay Class 3 voluntary contributions
- Claim NI credits if eligible (e.g., for unemployment or caregiving)
More info: Voluntary contributions
National Insurance and UK Taxation
NI is separate from Income Tax. While both are deducted from pay, they fund different services:
| Tax Type | Funds Used For |
|---|---|
| Income Tax | Public services, education, NHS |
| NI Contributions | Pensions, benefits, state support |
When You Stop Paying National Insurance
You stop paying NI contributions:
- When you reach State Pension age
- If your income falls below the Lower Earnings Limit
Currently, the State Pension age is 66 (subject to changes).
National Insurance Refunds
You may be eligible for a refund if you:
- Overpaid due to multiple jobs
- Paid while earning below the threshold
- Moved abroad permanently
Claim refunds here: Claim NI refund
Common Issues and FAQs
What if I Lose My NINo?
You can find it on your payslip, P60, or tax return. If lost, contact HMRC.
Can I Work Without a NINo?
Yes, temporarily. But you must apply immediately. Employers will use a temporary code until it’s issued.
What Happens if I Don’t Pay?
You risk losing eligibility for State Pension and other benefits. HMRC may also fine you.
Internal Links for Further Reading
- UK Visa Types and Guidance
- UK Tax System for Expats
- Working in the UK: A Complete Guide
External Resources
- HMRC National Insurance
- Apply for a National Insurance Number
- NI Contribution Rates 2025
Disclaimer
This article is for informational purposes only. Always consult the UK Home Office or an immigration lawyer for personalized advice.
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