Poland Invokes NATO Article 4 After Russian Drone Incursion

Warsaw, 10 September 2025 – Poland has formally invoked Article 4 of the NATO treaty after Russian drones violated its airspace during overnight strikes on Ukraine. The move has triggered urgent alliance consultations in Brussels and marks one of the most serious escalations of the war since Russia’s full-scale invasion began in 2022.

NATO Article 4 After Russian Drone Incursion: The Drone Incident

According to the Polish Ministry of Defence, nearly 19 Russian drones entered Polish airspace late Tuesday night as part of a broader Russian assault on western Ukraine.

Polish air defence units, supported by Dutch F-35s and Polish F-16s, intercepted and destroyed several drones.
It was the first time a NATO member state had shot down Russian drones since the war began.
No casualties were reported, though minor property damage occurred near the eastern city of Lublin. Airports in Warsaw, Rzeszów, and Lublin were temporarily shut down for safety.

Why Article 4 Matters

Poland’s decision to invoke NATO Article 4 has drawn global attention.

Article 4 allows any NATO member to call consultations when its security or territorial integrity is threatened.
It is distinct from Article 5, which requires all NATO members to come to the defence of an ally under attack.
Article 4 has been invoked sparingly in NATO history, most often by frontline states facing security pressures.

This move signals that Poland views the drone incursion not as an accident but as a direct threat requiring a collective response.

Polish and NATO Response

Prime Minister Donald Tusk described the incident as “the closest Poland has come to open conflict since World War II”. He accused Moscow of “deliberately testing NATO’s resolve” and warned of severe consequences.

In Brussels, the North Atlantic Council convened emergency consultations under Article 4. NATO Secretary-General Jens Stoltenberg reaffirmed the alliance’s solidarity with Poland, stating:

“NATO stands united. Any threat to one ally is a concern for all.”

European leaders, including the UK and Germany, condemned the incursion and pledged further support for Poland’s air defence systems. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy also thanked Poland for its quick response, calling it “a shield for Europe.”

Russia’s Position

The Kremlin has so far denied responsibility, claiming that drones were targeting Ukrainian infrastructure near the Polish border. However, Warsaw insists radar data proves deliberate violations.

Russian President Vladimir Putin has not yet commented directly on the incident. Analysts warn that Moscow may be probing NATO’s red lines, raising fears of further escalation.

Implications for NATO Security

Increased risk of spillover: This incident highlights how the war in Ukraine is spilling into NATO territory.
Strengthened eastern flank: Poland and neighbouring states are expected to push for additional missile defence systems and troop deployments.
Diplomatic escalation: While Article 4 does not automatically lead to military action, it signals NATO’s readiness to respond collectively if incidents continue.

Background: Is Poland in NATO?

Yes, Poland joined NATO in 1999 and is considered one of the alliance’s most important eastern flank members. The country has consistently warned of Russian aggression and has been a strong supporter of Ukraine.

What Happens Next

NATO consultations are expected to continue throughout the week in Brussels.
Poland has hinted it may push for stronger defensive measures, including more allied troops stationed on its territory.
European Union leaders are also set to meet in Warsaw to discuss coordinated sanctions and security responses.

Conclusion

The Russian drone incursion into Poland marks a dangerous new chapter in the conflict. By invoking Article 4, Warsaw has put NATO unity to the test at a time of mounting regional instability. The coming days will be crucial in determining whether the alliance can deter further violations without sliding into confrontation with Russia.